Glucose-responsive insulin delivery systems.

نویسنده

  • Mercedes Rigla Cros
چکیده

La diabetes es un trastorno de muy alta prevalencia, caracterizado por un déficit de acción insulínica, que da lugar a concentraciones elevadas de glucosa en sangre. Las terapias sustitutivas son muy imperfectas: en pocos casos consiguen controlar de manera estable los valores de glucemia, se adaptan mal a las perturbaciones (ingestas, ejercicio, etc.), provocan hipoglucemias e implican un esfuerzo continuado por parte del paciente (autocontrol, restricciones en la dieta, administración subcutánea de insulina, etc.). Hace ya varios años se inició el desarrollo de sistemas, en general polímeros, que liberan insulina u otros fármacos en respuesta a cambios en el entorno, tales como disminución del pH, hipoxia, etc. Recientemente ha progresado el conocimiento de las llamadas «insulinas inteligentes», término poco acertado por la connotación de «capacidad cognitiva», por lo que parece mejor referirse a «insulinas sensibles a la glucosa». En realidad se trata de polímeros capaces de sufrir modificaciones estructurales como consecuencia de cambios ambientales, dando lugar a liberación de insulina. A diferencia de los sistemas de lazo cerrado clásicos, estos materiales no contienen un sensor ni un efector específico, si no que el polímero o gel en que se integra la insulina desempeña esta doble función. Para ser efectivos, la respuesta ante incrementos significativos de la glucosa, debe producirse de forma rápida, limitada en el tiempo, y repetible tantas veces como se requiera. El tratamiento ha de aplicarse de forma continua durante mucho tiempo, por lo que los sistemas han de ser altamente biocompatibles y no generar una respuesta inflamatoria ni inmunológica inadecuada. Estos sistemas pueden ser dispositivos implantables,

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عنوان ژورنال:
  • Endocrinologia y nutricion : organo de la Sociedad Espanola de Endocrinologia y Nutricion

دوره 63 4  شماره 

صفحات  -

تاریخ انتشار 2016